The Speech and Language Therapist assesses and treats swallowing disorders and advises on patients’ feeding which may involve a modified texture diet and the use of thickened fluids. This assessment is done as soon as possible after admission to prevent aspiration of food or fluids into the lungs, which can result in a severe chest infection.

Following on from this initial phase, there may be problems caused by weakness of muscles used to speak (dysarthria). Language problems also arise when brain damage occurs in the language centres of the brain (dysphasia).

Due to the brain's great ability to learn and change (called brain plasticity), other areas can adapt to take over some of the lost functions. Speech therapy helps stroke patients relearn language and speaking skills, or learn other forms of communication. Speech therapy is appropriate for patients who have no deficits in cognition or thinking, but have problems understanding speech or written words, or problems forming speech. A speech therapist helps stroke patients help themselves by working to improve language skills, develop alternative ways of communicating, and develop coping skills to deal with the frustration of not being able to communicate fully.

With time and patience, a stroke survivor should be able to regain some, and sometimes all, language and speaking abilities.

Speech therapy is tailored to meet individual needs, but activities and tools that are frequently used include the following:

• Exercise and practice
  Repetitively speaking certain words or making facial expressions, such as smiling, exercises weakened muscles
  

• Workbooks
  Reading and writing exercises are used to sharpen word recall and regain reading and writing abilities. Hearing comprehension is also redeveloped using these exercises.
  

• Picture cards
  Pictures of everyday objects are used to improve word recall and increase vocabulary. The names of the objects may also be repetitively spoken aloud as part of an exercise and practice routine.
  

• Picture boards
  Pictures of everyday objects and activities are placed together, and the individual points to certain pictures to convey ideas and communicate with others.
  

• Computers
  Computer software can be used to improve speech, reading, recall, and hearing comprehension by , for example, displaying pictures and having the individual find the right word

There is a useful information leaflet Speech Therapy after Stroke on the Stroke Association webpage

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